What is an API?
API, or Application Programming Interface, is a set of protocols and tools that allows different software applications to communicate with each other. It defines the methods and data formats that applications can use to request and exchange information.
Why do Testers Need to Test APIs First?
- Early Detection of Issues:
- API testing allows testers to detect issues early in the development lifecycle, facilitating prompt resolution.
- Isolation of Defects:
- Testing APIs in isolation helps identify and isolate defects specific to the API layer, ensuring a robust foundation.
- Efficient Validation:
- APIs provide a consistent and efficient means to validate the functionality of the application without the need for a graphical user interface.
- Optimized Automation:
- API testing is well-suited for automation, enabling testers to create efficient and reusable test scripts for continuous testing.
- Data Integrity Verification:
- API testing ensures the integrity of data exchanges between different components of a system.
Types of APIs
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Open APIs | Public APIs that allow third-party developers to access and use functionalities of a service or application. |
| Internal APIs | APIs used within an organization to improve efficiency and streamline processes. |
| Partner APIs | APIs shared with strategic business partners, enabling collaboration and integration between different entities. |
| Composite APIs | APIs that combine multiple endpoints or services to provide a unified interface. |
| RESTful APIs | APIs adhering to the principles of Representational State Transfer (REST), utilizing standard HTTP methods. |
| SOAP APIs | APIs that use the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) for communication, typically over HTTP or SMTP. |
Various HTTP Methods in API
| HTTP Method | Description |
|---|---|
| GET | Requests data from a specified resource. |
| POST | Submits data to be processed to a specified resource. Typically used for creating new resources. |
| PUT | Updates a resource or creates a new resource if it does not exist. |
| DELETE | Requests the removal of a resource. |
| PATCH | Applies partial modifications to a resource. |
| HEAD | Retrieves metadata about a resource without transferring the entire resource. |
| OPTIONS | Describes the communication options for the target resource, including supported methods. |
These HTTP methods define the actions that clients can perform on resources. They are crucial in determining the type of operation being performed on the server and play a fundamental role in API testing and development.
Various Response Codes
HTTP status codes are returned in the response header of an HTTP request to indicate the status of the request. Here are some common ones:
| Status Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 200 OK | The request was successful. |
| 201 Created | The request resulted in a new resource being created. |
| 204 No Content | The server successfully processed the request, but there is no content to send back. |
| 400 Bad Request | The request could not be understood or was missing required parameters. |
| 401 Unauthorized | Authentication failed or user does not have permissions for the requested operation. |
| 403 Forbidden | The server understood the request, but it refuses to authorize it. |
| 404 Not Found | The requested resource could not be found. |
| 500 Internal Server Error | A generic error message returned when an unexpected condition was encountered. |
| 502 Bad Gateway | The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid response from an upstream server. |
| 503 Service Unavailable | The server is not ready to handle the request. Common causes include temporary overloading or maintenance. |
Comprehensive list of all Response Codes
Here’s a comprehensive list of all Status codes that exist:
| Status Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 100 Continue | The server has received the request headers and the client should proceed with the request. |
| 101 Switching Protocols | The requester has asked the server to switch protocols. |
| 200 OK | The request was successful. |
| 201 Created | The request resulted in a new resource being created. |
| 202 Accepted | The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. |
| 203 Non-Authoritative Information | The server is a transforming proxy that received a 200 OK from the origin server but is returning a modified version of the origin’s response. |
| 204 No Content | The server successfully processed the request, but there is no content to send back. |
| 205 Reset Content | The server successfully processed the request, and there is no need to return an entity-body. |
| 206 Partial Content | The server is delivering only part of the resource due to a range header sent by the client. |
| 300 Multiple Choices | Indicates multiple options for the resource from which the client may choose. |
| 301 Moved Permanently | This and all future requests should be directed to the given URI. |
| 302 Found | Tells the client to look at another URL. |
| 303 See Other | The response to the request can be found under another URI using the GET method. |
| 304 Not Modified | Indicates that the resource has not been modified since the version specified by the request headers. |
| 305 Use Proxy | The requested resource is available only through a proxy, and the address is provided in the Location header. |
| 307 Temporary Redirect | The request should be repeated with another URI; however, future requests should still use the original URI. |
| 308 Permanent Redirect | The request and all future requests should be repeated using another URI. |
| 400 Bad Request | The request could not be understood or was missing required parameters. |
| 401 Unauthorized | Authentication failed or the user does not have permissions for the requested operation. |
| 402 Payment Required | Reserved for future use. |
| 403 Forbidden | The server understood the request, but it refuses to authorize it. |
| 404 Not Found | The requested resource could not be found. |
| 405 Method Not Allowed | The method specified in the request is not allowed for the resource identified by the request URI. |
| 406 Not Acceptable | The resource identified by the request is only capable of generating response entities that have content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the request. |
| 407 Proxy Authentication Required | The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy. |
| 408 Request Timeout | The server timed out waiting for the request. |
| 409 Conflict | Indicates that the request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the target resource. |
| 410 Gone | Indicates that the resource requested is no longer available and will not be available again. |
| 411 Length Required | The server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content-Length. |
| 412 Precondition Failed | The precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields evaluated to false when it was tested on the server. |
| 413 Payload Too Large | The server is refusing to process a request because the request payload is larger than the server is willing or able to process. |
| 414 URI Too Long | The server is refusing to service the request because the request-target is longer than the server is willing to interpret. |
| 415 Unsupported Media Type | The server is refusing to service the request because the entity of the request is in a format not supported by the requested resource. |
| 416 Range Not Satisfiable | A server SHOULD return a response with this status code if a request included a Range request-header field, and none of the range-specifier values in this field overlap the current extent of the selected resource. |
| 417 Expectation Failed | The expectation given in the request’s Expect header field could not be met by at least one of the inbound servers. |
| 418 I’m a teapot | This code was defined in 1998 as one of the traditional IETF April Fools’ jokes. |
| 421 Misdirected Request | The request was directed at a server that is not able to produce a response. |
| 422 Unprocessable Entity | The request was well-formed but was unable to be followed due to semantic errors. |
| 423 Locked | The resource that is being accessed is locked. |
| 424 Failed Dependency | The method could not be performed on the resource because the requested action depended on another action and that action failed. |
| 426 Upgrade Required | The client should switch to a different protocol, such as TLS/1.0. |
| 428 Precondition Required | The origin server requires the request to be conditional. |
| 429 Too Many Requests | The user has sent too many requests in a given amount of time. |
| 431 Request Header Fields Too Large | The server is unwilling to process the request because its header fields are too large. |
| 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons | A server operator has received a legal demand to deny access to a resource or to a set of resources that includes the requested resource. |
| 500 Internal Server Error | A generic error message returned when an unexpected condition was encountered. |
| 501 Not Implemented | The server either does not recognize the request method or lacks the ability to fulfill the request. |
| 502 Bad Gateway | The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid response from an upstream server. |
| 503 Service Unavailable | The server is not ready to handle the request. Common causes include temporary overloading or maintenance. |
| 504 Gateway Timeout | The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, did not receive a timely response from the upstream server or some other auxiliary server it needed to access to complete the request. |
| 505 HTTP Version Not Supported | The server does not support the HTTP protocol version that was used in the request. |
| 506 Variant Also Negotiates | Transparent content negotiation for the request results in a circular reference. |
| 507 Insufficient Storage | The method could not be performed on the resource because the server is unable to store the representation needed to successfully complete the request. |
| 508 Loop Detected | The server detected an infinite loop while processing a request. |
| 510 Not Extended | Further extensions to the request are required for the server to fulfill it. |
| 511 Network Authentication Required | The client needs to authenticate to gain network access. |
Beginner Level API Testing Interview Questions
- Question: What is an API, and how does it differ from a web service?
- Answer: An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and tools that allows different software applications to communicate with each other. A web service is a type of API that uses web protocols for communication.
- Question: Why do we perform API testing?
- Answer: API testing is performed to ensure that the software components (APIs) function as intended, communicate correctly, and meet functional, security, and performance requirements.
- Question: Explain the difference between SOAP and RESTful APIs.
- Answer: SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) uses XML for message exchange, while RESTful (Representational State Transfer) APIs use standard HTTP methods with JSON or XML for data exchange. REST is more lightweight and flexible.
- Question: What is an HTTP status code, and why is it important in API testing?
- Answer: An HTTP status code is a three-digit number returned in the response header, indicating the success, failure, or other status of the request. It is crucial in API testing to understand the outcome of the API request.
- Question: How do you authenticate API requests? Provide examples of authentication methods.
- Answer: API requests are authenticated using methods such as API keys, OAuth tokens, or username/password. For example, including an API key in the request header:
Authorization: API-Key YOUR_KEY.
- Answer: API requests are authenticated using methods such as API keys, OAuth tokens, or username/password. For example, including an API key in the request header:
- Question: What is the purpose of the “Content-Type” header in an API request?
- Answer: The “Content-Type” header specifies the format of the data being sent in the request. For instance,
Content-Type: application/jsonindicates that the request body contains JSON data.
- Answer: The “Content-Type” header specifies the format of the data being sent in the request. For instance,
- Question: How can you handle authentication failures in API testing?
- Answer: Authentication failures can be handled by checking for status code 401 (Unauthorized) and examining the response body for details on the authentication error.
- Question: Explain the role of the “GET” method in API testing.
- Answer: The “GET” method is used to retrieve data from a specified resource. It is safe and idempotent, meaning it should not modify the state of the server.
- Question: How do you handle API versioning, and why is it important?
- Answer: API versioning can be handled by including the version number in the URL or using custom headers. It is important to ensure that changes do not break existing clients and allow for backward compatibility.
- Question: What is JSON, and why is it commonly used in API responses?
- Answer: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data interchange format. It is commonly used in API responses due to its readability, ease of parsing, and compatibility with various programming languages.
- Question: How do you test an API that returns paginated results?
- Answer: Testing paginated results involves sending requests with different page numbers and page sizes, then verifying that the API returns the expected subset of data.
- Question: Explain the purpose of the “POST” method in API testing.
- Answer: The “POST” method is used to submit data to be processed to a specified resource. It is often used for creating new resources.
- Question: What is the significance of the “OPTIONS” method in API testing?
- Answer: The “OPTIONS” method is used to describe the communication options for the target resource. It provides information about allowed methods, headers, and other metadata.
- Question: How do you handle timeouts in API testing?
- Answer: Timeouts can be handled by setting a reasonable timeout value for requests and checking for status code 408 (Request Timeout) in case the server takes too long to respond.
- Question: What is the purpose of the “PUT” method in API testing?
- Answer: The “PUT” method is used to update a resource or create a new resource if it does not exist. It is idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests have the same effect as a single request.
- Question: How can you simulate server errors (e.g., 500 Internal Server Error) in API testing?
- Answer: Server errors can be simulated by intentionally providing invalid data, triggering specific conditions, or using testing tools to modify the server’s behavior.
- Question: Explain the term “Query Parameter” in API requests.
- Answer: Query parameters are additional parameters added to the end of a URL in API requests to filter or modify the results. They follow the “?” symbol and are separated by “&.”
- Question: What is the purpose of the “DELETE” method in API testing?
- Answer: The “DELETE” method is used to request the removal of a resource. It is idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests have the same effect as a single request.
- Question: How do you handle testing for security vulnerabilities in API testing?
- Answer: Security testing involves techniques like penetration testing, fuzz testing, and analyzing how well the API handles authentication, authorization, and encryption.
- Question: Explain the concept of “Rate Limiting” in API testing.
- Answer: Rate limiting restricts the number of API requests a client can make within a specific time frame. It helps prevent abuse, ensures fair usage, and maintains API performance.
- Question: How do you handle file uploads in API requests?
- Answer: File uploads are handled by using the “multipart/form-data” content type. The file is encoded and included as part of the request body.
- Question: What is the purpose of the “HEAD” method in API testing?
- Answer: The “HEAD” method is used to retrieve metadata about a resource without transferring the entire resource. It is often used to check the availability and characteristics of a resource.
- Question: How can you test for proper error handling in API responses?
- Answer: Testing error handling involves sending requests with incorrect data, invalid parameters, or triggering scenarios that should result in specific error status codes.
- Question: Explain the term “Content Negotiation” in API responses.
- Answer: Content negotiation involves the server and client agreeing on the format of the data being exchanged. This can include negotiation based on content type, language, or encoding.
- Question: What is the purpose of the “PATCH” method in API testing?
- Answer: The “PATCH” method is used to apply partial modifications to a resource. It is often used for updating specific fields without modifying the entire resource.
Intermediate Level API Testing Interview Questions
- Question: What is the purpose of the “PATCH” method in API testing, and how is it different from the “PUT” method?
- Answer: The “PATCH” method is used to apply partial modifications to a resource, updating specific fields. It differs from the “PUT” method, which replaces the entire resource. “PATCH” is useful when modifying only certain attributes.
- Question: How do you ensure data integrity when testing APIs that involve database interactions?
- Answer: Data integrity is ensured by verifying that data written to or read from the database matches the expected values. Validating data at the database level helps ensure consistency.
- Question: Explain the concept of “Mocking” in API testing. Why is it valuable?
- Answer: Mocking involves simulating API responses during testing. It is valuable for isolating the system under test, allowing testing in various scenarios without relying on actual external services.
- Question: What are “Webhooks,” and how can you test them in API testing?
- Answer: Webhooks are mechanisms that allow one system to notify another about events. Testing involves simulating the occurrence of events and ensuring the webhook responds correctly.
- Question: How do you handle testing APIs that involve handling large file uploads or downloads?
- Answer: Testing large file uploads/downloads involves assessing the API’s ability to handle large payloads, monitoring performance, and ensuring proper error handling for exceeded size limits.
- Question: Explain the term “Content-Encoding” in API responses. How can you test its implementation?
- Answer: “Content-Encoding” indicates the compression applied to the response body. Testing involves verifying that the content is correctly compressed and can be decompressed by the client.
- Question: What is the purpose of the “OPTIONS” method in API testing, and when is it typically used?
- Answer: The “OPTIONS” method provides information about the communication options for a resource. It is used to describe the allowed methods, headers, and other metadata, aiding in API discovery.
- Question: How can you test APIs for backward compatibility during version updates?
- Answer: Backward compatibility testing involves sending requests using the older version and ensuring the API responds correctly without breaking existing functionalities.
- Question: Explain the role of the “ETag” header in API responses. How can you use it for optimization?
- Answer: The “ETag” header provides a unique identifier for a specific version of a resource. Testing involves utilizing it for conditional requests, optimizing data transfer by only fetching updated resources.
- Question: How do you approach testing APIs that require user authentication through third-party providers (OAuth)?
- Answer: Testing OAuth involves obtaining valid tokens, testing token expiration scenarios, and verifying that the API correctly validates and processes OAuth tokens.
- Question: What is “HATEOAS” in the context of RESTful APIs, and how does it contribute to API discoverability?
- Answer: HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State) enables clients to navigate a REST API by following links provided dynamically in the response. It enhances API discoverability and reduces dependency on documentation.
- Question: How can you perform security testing for APIs, and what tools might you use?
- Answer: Security testing involves using tools like OWASP ZAP or Burp Suite to identify vulnerabilities, testing input validation, and ensuring secure transmission and storage of sensitive data.
- Question: What is the purpose of the “If-None-Match” header in API requests, and when is it typically used?
- Answer: The “If-None-Match” header allows conditional requests based on the entity’s ETag. It is used to retrieve a resource only if it has been modified since the specified ETag.
- Question: How do you approach testing APIs that involve complex business logic or calculations?
- Answer: Testing complex business logic requires understanding the expected outcomes, creating test cases covering various scenarios, and verifying that the API correctly executes the specified logic.
- Question: Explain the concept of “Hypermedia” in API responses, and how does it impact client interactions?
- Answer: Hypermedia includes links within API responses, guiding clients on available actions. It enhances flexibility and reduces the need for clients to have prior knowledge, contributing to a more dynamic API.
- Question: How do you perform load testing for APIs, and what considerations should be taken into account?
- Answer: Load testing involves simulating a high volume of concurrent requests to assess API performance. Considerations include the API’s capacity, response times, and potential bottlenecks.
- Question: What are “Stateful” and “Stateless” APIs? Provide examples and explain their differences.
- Answer: Stateful APIs store client state between requests (e.g., session tokens), while stateless APIs do not. Stateless APIs are more scalable and require clients to include all necessary information in each request.
- Question: How can you test APIs that involve handling time-sensitive information (e.g., tokens with expiration)?
- Answer: Testing time-sensitive information involves creating test scenarios with different time intervals, ensuring the API handles expiration and renewal appropriately.
- Question: Explain the concept of “Bearer Tokens” in API authentication. How are they secured?
- Answer: Bearer tokens are a type of access token used in OAuth. They are secured by transmitting them over HTTPS, protecting them from interception and unauthorized access.
- Question: How do you ensure proper error logging and monitoring in API testing?
- Answer: Proper error logging involves checking log entries for relevant information, and monitoring includes setting up alerts for abnormal behavior, ensuring timely detection of issues.
- Question: What is “Caching” in the context of API responses, and how can you control it?
- Answer: Caching involves storing responses to reduce the need for repeated requests. Control mechanisms include using caching headers (e.g., “Cache-Control”) and setting expiration times.
- Question: How can you simulate network latency in API testing, and why might it be necessary?
- Answer: Simulating network latency involves introducing delays in requests to mimic real-world conditions. It is necessary to assess how the API performs in scenarios with varying network speeds.
- Question: What is the purpose of the “Forward Proxy” in API testing, and how does it differ from a “Reverse Proxy”?
- Answer: A forward proxy acts on behalf of a client, intercepting requests to external servers. It differs from a reverse proxy, which handles requests on behalf of servers, enhancing security and performance.
- Question: How can you test APIs for compatibility with different browsers or client applications?
- Answer: Testing compatibility involves ensuring APIs work correctly with various browsers or client applications, validating that the responses are consistent across different environments.
- Question: Explain the concept of “Idempotence” in API methods. Why is it important?
- Answer: Idempotence means that the result of a request is the same, regardless of the number of times it is repeated. It is important for operations like “PUT” and “DELETE” to avoid unintended side effects when requests are retried.
Advanced Level API Testing Interview Questions
- Question: How can you perform mutation testing in the context of API testing, and why is it valuable?
- Answer: Mutation testing involves introducing small changes (mutations) to the API’s code to assess the effectiveness of the test suite. It is valuable for identifying weak spots in test coverage.
- Question: Explain the concept of “Contract Testing” in API testing. How does it contribute to the development process?
- Answer: Contract testing involves verifying that both the API provider and consumer adhere to a predefined contract. It contributes to development by ensuring compatibility and preventing breaking changes.
- Question: How do you handle testing APIs that involve asynchronous operations or event-driven architectures?
- Answer: Testing asynchronous APIs involves simulating events, monitoring message queues, and ensuring that the API responds correctly to asynchronous operations.
- Question: What is “Protocol Buffers,” and how can they be used in API communication? Compare them with JSON.
- Answer: Protocol Buffers is a binary serialization format used for efficient data exchange in APIs. It is more compact than JSON, providing faster serialization and deserialization.
- Question: How do you approach testing APIs that interact with microservices architecture? What challenges might you encounter?
- Answer: Testing APIs in a microservices architecture involves considering inter-service communication, data consistency, and handling distributed transactions. Challenges include dealing with network latency and ensuring fault tolerance.
- Question: Explain the concept of “Fuzz Testing” in API security. How can you implement it?
- Answer: Fuzz testing involves sending unexpected or random inputs to identify vulnerabilities. In API security, it can be implemented by using tools like OWASP Defectdojo or creating custom scripts to generate fuzzed data.
- Question: How can you test APIs for compliance with regulatory requirements, such as GDPR or HIPAA?
- Answer: Compliance testing involves assessing whether the API adheres to specific regulations, including data protection and privacy requirements. It may include validating encryption, access controls, and auditing mechanisms.
- Question: What is the role of “WebSockets” in API communication, and how can you test APIs that use WebSocket protocols?
- Answer: WebSockets enable real-time, bidirectional communication between clients and servers. Testing involves verifying WebSocket connections, message handling, and ensuring proper error responses.
- Question: Explain the concept of “State Machine Testing” in API testing. When is it particularly useful?
- Answer: State machine testing involves modeling the system’s behavior based on different states and transitions. It is useful for testing APIs with complex state-dependent functionality, such as order processing systems.
- Question: How do you handle API versioning when dealing with backward-incompatible changes? Provide examples.
- Answer: Backward-incompatible changes may require introducing a new version in the API. Examples include adding a version number to the URL or using custom headers like “Api-Version.”
- Question: What are the key considerations for testing GraphQL APIs compared to traditional RESTful APIs?
- Answer: Testing GraphQL APIs involves understanding the query language, testing different query structures, and handling responses. Considerations include efficient data retrieval and preventing over-fetching or under-fetching.
- Question: How can you perform security testing for APIs using tools like OWASP ZAP or Burp Suite? Provide practical examples.
- Answer: Security testing involves scanning for vulnerabilities like injection attacks, parameter tampering, and broken authentication. Tools like OWASP ZAP can identify and report security issues, enabling proactive remediation.
- Question: Explain the concept of “Hystrix” in API resilience. How does it help in handling faults and latency?
- Answer: Hystrix is a library for handling faults and latency in distributed systems. It helps by isolating and controlling access to dependencies, providing fallback mechanisms, and preventing cascading failures.
- Question: How can you implement “Continuous Testing” for APIs in a DevOps environment? What tools might you use?
- Answer: Continuous testing involves automating tests throughout the development and deployment pipeline. Tools like Postman, Newman, or RestAssured can be integrated into CI/CD pipelines to ensure API stability.
- Question: What is the purpose of “JWT” (JSON Web Tokens) in API authentication, and how can you secure JWT tokens?
- Answer: JWT is a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims between two parties. To secure JWT tokens, use HTTPS for transmission, validate signatures, set expiration times, and store securely on the client.
- Question: How do you perform testing for APIs that involve complex authorization mechanisms, such as OAuth 2.0 with scopes?
- Answer: Testing OAuth 2.0 involves obtaining and validating access tokens, testing different scopes, and ensuring that the API enforces proper authorization based on granted permissions.
- Question: Explain the concept of “Hypermedia-Driven API” design. How does it enhance discoverability and flexibility?
- Answer: Hypermedia-Driven API design includes embedding links in responses, allowing clients to navigate the API dynamically. It enhances discoverability by reducing reliance on fixed URLs and promotes flexibility in client interactions.
- Question: How can you implement “Blue-Green Deployment” strategies for APIs, and what benefits does it offer?
- Answer: Blue-Green Deployment involves running two identical environments (Blue and Green) and switching traffic between them. It offers benefits like zero-downtime deployments, easy rollback, and efficient testing in a production-like environment.
- Question: What are “Bearer Tokens” in API authentication, and how can you secure them against unauthorized access?
- Answer: Bearer tokens are used in OAuth for authentication. To secure them, transmit over HTTPS, use secure storage, implement token revocation mechanisms, and regularly rotate tokens.
- Question: How do you approach testing APIs that involve machine learning or AI components? What considerations should be taken into account?
- Answer: Testing AI components in APIs involves validating model outputs, handling diverse inputs, and assessing the API’s ability to adapt. Considerations include data quality, model explainability, and monitoring for biases.
- Question: Explain the term “Chaos Engineering” in the context of API testing. How can it be implemented?
- Answer: Chaos Engineering involves intentionally introducing failures to assess system resilience. In API testing, it can be implemented by simulating network issues, service outages, or unexpected errors to identify weaknesses.
- Question: How can you perform API load testing with realistic scenarios and data? Provide examples of tools or approaches.
- Answer: Load testing involves simulating realistic user scenarios. Tools like JMeter or Gatling can be configured to send concurrent requests with various payloads, mimicking real-world usage patterns.
- Question: What is “OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code Flow,” and how do you test APIs that use this flow for authentication?
- Answer: OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code Flow involves obtaining an authorization code and exchanging it for an access token. Testing includes verifying code exchange, handling refresh tokens, and ensuring secure transmission.
- Question: Explain the concept of “Conformance Testing” in API testing. Why is it important for interoperability?
- Answer: Conformance testing involves checking whether an API adheres to specified standards. It is important for interoperability, ensuring that different implementations of an API can work seamlessly together.
- Question: How do you ensure data privacy and protection when testing APIs that involve sensitive user information?
- Answer: Data privacy testing involves masking or anonymizing sensitive data, securing transmissions, and ensuring compliance with privacy regulations. It also includes validating access controls and encryption mechanisms.