// Setup ChromeDriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Setup FirefoxDriver
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

// Setup for other browsers
WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();

driver.get("https://example.com");  // Opens a webpage

driver.navigate().to("https://example.com");  // Navigate to URL
driver.navigate().back();                     // Go back in browser history
driver.navigate().forward();                  // Go forward in browser history
driver.navigate().refresh();                  // Refresh the webpage

driver.manage().window().maximize();          // Maximize window
driver.manage().window().minimize();          // Minimize window
driver.manage().window().fullscreen();        // Fullscreen

String title = driver.getTitle();             // Get page title
String url = driver.getCurrentUrl();          // Get current URL
String source = driver.getPageSource();       // Get page source

driver.quit();                                // Close browser and end session
driver.close();                               // Close current window

// By ID
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementID"));

// By Name
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("elementName"));

// By Class Name
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("className"));

// By Tag Name
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName("input"));

// By Link Text
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Click Here"));

// By Partial Link Text
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Click"));

// By CSS Selector
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#elementID"));

// By XPath
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='elementID']"));

// Send text to an input field
element.sendKeys("test data");

// Click on an element (button, link, etc.)
element.click();

// Clear an input field
element.clear();

// Get text from an element
String text = element.getText();

// Get attribute value of an element
String attribute = element.getAttribute("type");

// Check if element is displayed
boolean isDisplayed = element.isDisplayed();

// Check if element is enabled
boolean isEnabled = element.isEnabled();

// Check if element is selected (checkbox, radio button)
boolean isSelected = element.isSelected();

// Locate the dropdown element
WebElement dropdown = driver.findElement(By.id("dropdownID"));
Select select = new Select(dropdown);

// Select by visible text
select.selectByVisibleText("Option 1");

// Select by value
select.selectByValue("optionValue");

// Select by index
select.selectByIndex(1);

// Get selected option
WebElement selectedOption = select.getFirstSelectedOption();
String selectedText = selectedOption.getText();

// Switch to alert
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

// Accept alert (OK button)
alert.accept();

// Dismiss alert (Cancel button)
alert.dismiss();

// Get alert text
String alertText = alert.getText();

// Send text to an alert (only for prompts)
alert.sendKeys("text to send");

// Switch to frame by index
driver.switchTo().frame(0);

// Switch to frame by name or ID
driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");

// Switch to frame using WebElement
WebElement frameElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe"));
driver.switchTo().frame(frameElement);

// Switch back to main content
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

// Get current window handle
String mainWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();

// Switch to another window
for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
    driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}

// Close the newly opened window and switch back to the main window
driver.close();
driver.switchTo().window(mainWindow);

// Get all cookies
Set<Cookie> cookies = driver.manage().getCookies();

// Add a cookie
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key", "value");
driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);

// Delete a specific cookie
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("cookieName");

// Delete all cookies
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("elementID")));

Wait<WebDriver> fluentWait = new FluentWait<>(driver)
    .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30))
    .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
    .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);

WebElement element = fluentWait.until(driver -> driver.findElement(By.id("elementID")));

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

// Hover over an element
actions.moveToElement(element).perform();

// Double-click on an element
actions.doubleClick(element).perform();

// Right-click (context click) on an element
actions.contextClick(element).perform();

// Drag and drop
actions.dragAndDrop(sourceElement, targetElement).perform();

// Click and hold, then release
actions.clickAndHold(element).release().perform();

// Take screenshot of the entire page
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("path/to/screenshot.png"));

// Take screenshot of a specific element
File screenshot = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("path/to/element_screenshot.png"));

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;

// Scroll down
js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,500)");

// Click an element
js.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element);

// Get page title via JavaScript
String title = js.executeScript("return document.title;").toString();

// Example of clicking "OK" on a JS popup
driver.switchTo().alert().accept();

// For Chrome
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--headless");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

// For Firefox
FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
options.addArguments("--headless");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);

Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected);        // Validate equality
Assert.assertTrue(condition);                 // Validate a condition
Assert.assertFalse(condition);                // Validate the condition is false
Assert.assertNotNull(object);                 // Validate object is not null

// Page load timeout
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

// Script timeout
driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

// Use sendKeys to directly interact with the input element for file uploads
driver.findElement(By.id("uploadElement")).sendKeys("path/to/file.png");